Face Generation¶

In this project, you'll use generative adversarial networks to generate new images of faces.

Get the Data¶

You'll be using two datasets in this project:

MNIST
CelebA

Since the celebA dataset is complex and you're doing GANs in a project for the first time, we want you to test your neural network on MNIST before CelebA. Running the GANs on MNIST will allow you to see how well your model trains sooner.

If you're using FloydHub, set data_dir to "/input" and use the FloydHub data ID "R5KrjnANiKVhLWAkpXhNBe".

data_dir = './data'

# FloydHub - Use with data ID "R5KrjnANiKVhLWAkpXhNBe"
#data_dir = '/input'


"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL
"""
import helper

helper.download_extract('mnist', data_dir)
helper.download_extract('celeba', data_dir)

Found mnist Data
Found celeba Data

Explore the Data¶

MNIST¶

As you're aware, the MNIST dataset contains images of handwritten digits. You can view the first number of examples by changing show_n_images.

show_n_images = 25

"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL
"""
%matplotlib inline
import os
from glob import glob
from matplotlib import pyplot


mnist_images = helper.get_batch(glob(os.path.join(data_dir, 'mnist/*.jpg'))[:show_n_images], 28, 28, 'L')
pyplot.imshow(helper.images_square_grid(mnist_images, 'L'), cmap='gray')

<matplotlib.image.AxesImage at 0x7f8af1bf55c0>

CelebA¶

The CelebFaces Attributes Dataset (CelebA) dataset contains over 200,000 celebrity images with annotations. Since you're going to be generating faces, you won't need the annotations. You can view the first number of examples by changing show_n_images.

show_n_images = 25

"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL
"""
mnist_images = helper.get_batch(glob(os.path.join(data_dir, 'img_align_celeba/*.jpg'))[:show_n_images], 28, 28, 'RGB')
pyplot.imshow(helper.images_square_grid(mnist_images, 'RGB'))

<matplotlib.image.AxesImage at 0x7f8af1b61978>

Preprocess the Data¶

Since the project's main focus is on building the GANs, we'll preprocess the data for you. The values of the MNIST and CelebA dataset will be in the range of -0.5 to 0.5 of 28x28 dimensional images. The CelebA images will be cropped to remove parts of the image that don't include a face, then resized down to 28x28.

The MNIST images are black and white images with a single color channel while the CelebA images have 3 color channels (RGB color channel).

Build the Neural Network¶

You'll build the components necessary to build a GANs by implementing the following functions below:

model_inputs
discriminator
generator
model_loss
model_opt
train

Check the Version of TensorFlow and Access to GPU¶

This will check to make sure you have the correct version of TensorFlow and access to a GPU

"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL
"""
from distutils.version import LooseVersion
import warnings
import tensorflow as tf

# Check TensorFlow Version
assert LooseVersion(tf.__version__) >= LooseVersion('1.0'), 'Please use TensorFlow version 1.0 or newer.  You are using {}'.format(tf.__version__)
print('TensorFlow Version: {}'.format(tf.__version__))

# Check for a GPU
if not tf.test.gpu_device_name():
    warnings.warn('No GPU found. Please use a GPU to train your neural network.')
else:
    print('Default GPU Device: {}'.format(tf.test.gpu_device_name()))

TensorFlow Version: 1.0.0

/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/ipykernel/__main__.py:14: UserWarning: No GPU found. Please use a GPU to train your neural network.

Input¶

Implement the model_inputs function to create TF Placeholders for the Neural Network. It should create the following placeholders:

Real input images placeholder with rank 4 using image_width, image_height, and image_channels.
Z input placeholder with rank 2 using z_dim.
Learning rate placeholder with rank 0.

Return the placeholders in the following the tuple (tensor of real input images, tensor of z data)

import problem_unittests as tests

def model_inputs(image_width, image_height, image_channels, z_dim):
    """
    Create the model inputs
    :param image_width: The input image width
    :param image_height: The input image height
    :param image_channels: The number of image channels
    :param z_dim: The dimension of Z
    :return: Tuple of (tensor of real input images, tensor of z data, learning rate)
    """
    # TODO: Implement Function
    real_input_image = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, shape=(None, image_width,image_height,image_channels),name='real_input_image')
    z_input=tf.placeholder(tf.float32,shape=(None,z_dim),name='z_input')
    learning_rate=tf.placeholder(tf.float32,name='learning_rate')
    return real_input_image, z_input, learning_rate


"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL THAT IS BELOW THIS LINE
"""
tests.test_model_inputs(model_inputs)

Tests Passed

Discriminator¶

Implement discriminator to create a discriminator neural network that discriminates on images. This function should be able to reuse the variables in the neural network. Use tf.variable_scope with a scope name of "discriminator" to allow the variables to be reused. The function should return a tuple of (tensor output of the discriminator, tensor logits of the discriminator).

def discriminator(images, reuse=False):
    """
    Create the discriminator network
    :param images: Tensor of input image(s)
    :param reuse: Boolean if the weights should be reused
    :return: Tuple of (tensor output of the discriminator, tensor logits of the discriminator)
    """
    alpha=.02
    # TODO: Implement Function
    with tf.variable_scope('discriminator', reuse=reuse):
        x1 = tf.layers.conv2d(images, 64, 5, strides=2, padding='same')
        relu1 = tf.maximum(alpha * x1, x1)
        
        x2 = tf.layers.conv2d(relu1, 128, 5, strides=2, padding='same')
        bn2 = tf.layers.batch_normalization(x2, training=True)
        relu2 = tf.maximum(alpha * bn2, bn2)
        
        x3 = tf.layers.conv2d(relu2, 256, 5, strides=2, padding='same')
        bn3 = tf.layers.batch_normalization(x3, training=True)
        relu3 = tf.maximum(alpha * bn3, bn3)
        
        # Flatten it
        flat = tf.reshape(relu3, (-1, 4*4*256))
        logits = tf.layers.dense(flat, 1)
        out = tf.sigmoid(logits)
        
    return out, logits
    


"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL THAT IS BELOW THIS LINE
"""
tests.test_discriminator(discriminator, tf)

Tests Passed

Generator¶

Implement generator to generate an image using z. This function should be able to reuse the variables in the neural network. Use tf.variable_scope with a scope name of "generator" to allow the variables to be reused. The function should return the generated 28 x 28 x out_channel_dim images.

def generator(z, out_channel_dim, is_train=True):
    """
    Create the generator network
    :param z: Input z
    :param out_channel_dim: The number of channels in the output image
    :param is_train: Boolean if generator is being used for training
    :return: The tensor output of the generator
    """
    # TODO: Implement Function
    alpha=.02
    with tf.variable_scope('generator', reuse=not is_train):
        # First fully connected layer
        x1 = tf.layers.dense(z, 2*2*512)
        # Reshape it to start the convolutional stack
        x1 = tf.reshape(x1, (-1, 2, 2, 512))
        x1 = tf.layers.batch_normalization(x1, training=is_train)
        x1 = tf.maximum(alpha * x1, x1)
        
        x2 = tf.layers.conv2d_transpose(x1, 256, 5, strides=2, padding='valid')
        x2 = tf.layers.batch_normalization(x2, training=is_train)
        x2 = tf.maximum(alpha * x2, x2)
        
        x3 = tf.layers.conv2d_transpose(x2, 128, 5, strides=2, padding='same')
        x3 = tf.layers.batch_normalization(x3, training=is_train)
        x3 = tf.maximum(alpha * x3, x3)
         
        # Output layer
        logits = tf.layers.conv2d_transpose(x3, out_channel_dim, 5, strides=2, padding='same')
        
        out = tf.tanh(logits)
        
        return out


"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL THAT IS BELOW THIS LINE
"""
tests.test_generator(generator, tf)

Tests Passed

Loss¶

Implement model_loss to build the GANs for training and calculate the loss. The function should return a tuple of (discriminator loss, generator loss). Use the following functions you implemented:

discriminator(images, reuse=False)
generator(z, out_channel_dim, is_train=True)

def model_loss(input_real, input_z, out_channel_dim):
    """
    Get the loss for the discriminator and generator
    :param input_real: Images from the real dataset
    :param input_z: Z input
    :param out_channel_dim: The number of channels in the output image
    :return: A tuple of (discriminator loss, generator loss)
    """
   
    # TODO: Implement Function
    g_model = generator(input_z, out_channel_dim)
    d_model_real, d_logits_real = discriminator(input_real)
    d_model_fake, d_logits_fake = discriminator(g_model, reuse=True)

    d_loss_real = tf.reduce_mean(
        tf.nn.sigmoid_cross_entropy_with_logits(logits=d_logits_real, labels=tf.ones_like(d_model_real)))
    d_loss_fake = tf.reduce_mean(
        tf.nn.sigmoid_cross_entropy_with_logits(logits=d_logits_fake, labels=tf.zeros_like(d_model_fake)))
    g_loss = tf.reduce_mean(
        tf.nn.sigmoid_cross_entropy_with_logits(logits=d_logits_fake, labels=tf.ones_like(d_model_fake)))

    d_loss = d_loss_real + d_loss_fake

    return d_loss, g_loss


"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL THAT IS BELOW THIS LINE
"""
tests.test_model_loss(model_loss)

Tests Passed

Optimization¶

Implement model_opt to create the optimization operations for the GANs. Use tf.trainable_variables to get all the trainable variables. Filter the variables with names that are in the discriminator and generator scope names. The function should return a tuple of (discriminator training operation, generator training operation).

def model_opt(d_loss, g_loss, learning_rate, beta1):
    """
    Get optimization operations
    :param d_loss: Discriminator loss Tensor
    :param g_loss: Generator loss Tensor
    :param learning_rate: Learning Rate Placeholder
    :param beta1: The exponential decay rate for the 1st moment in the optimizer
    :return: A tuple of (discriminator training operation, generator training operation)
    """
    # TODO: Implement Function
    
    t_vars = tf.trainable_variables()
    d_vars = [var for var in t_vars if var.name.startswith('discriminator')]
    g_vars = [var for var in t_vars if var.name.startswith('generator')]

    # Optimize
    ops = tf.get_collection(tf.GraphKeys.UPDATE_OPS)
    d_updates = [opt for opt in ops if opt.name.startswith('discriminator')]
    g_updates = [opt for opt in ops if opt.name.startswith('generator')]
    with tf.control_dependencies(d_updates):
        d_train_opt = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(learning_rate, beta1=beta1).minimize(d_loss, var_list=d_vars)
    with tf.control_dependencies(g_updates):
        g_train_opt = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(learning_rate, beta1=beta1).minimize(g_loss, var_list=g_vars)
        
   
    return d_train_opt, g_train_opt


"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL THAT IS BELOW THIS LINE
"""
tests.test_model_opt(model_opt, tf)

Tests Passed

Neural Network Training¶

Show Output¶

Use this function to show the current output of the generator during training. It will help you determine how well the GANs is training.

"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL
"""
import numpy as np

def show_generator_output(sess, n_images, input_z, out_channel_dim, image_mode):
    """
    Show example output for the generator
    :param sess: TensorFlow session
    :param n_images: Number of Images to display
    :param input_z: Input Z Tensor
    :param out_channel_dim: The number of channels in the output image
    :param image_mode: The mode to use for images ("RGB" or "L")
    """
    cmap = None if image_mode == 'RGB' else 'gray'
    z_dim = input_z.get_shape().as_list()[-1]
    example_z = np.random.uniform(-1, 1, size=[n_images, z_dim])

    samples = sess.run(
        generator(input_z, out_channel_dim, False),
        feed_dict={input_z: example_z})

    images_grid = helper.images_square_grid(samples, image_mode)
    pyplot.imshow(images_grid, cmap=cmap)
    pyplot.show()

Train¶

Implement train to build and train the GANs. Use the following functions you implemented:

model_inputs(image_width, image_height, image_channels, z_dim)
model_loss(input_real, input_z, out_channel_dim)
model_opt(d_loss, g_loss, learning_rate, beta1)

Use the show_generator_output to show generator output while you train. Running show_generator_output for every batch will drastically increase training time and increase the size of the notebook. It's recommended to print the generator output every 100 batches.

def train(epoch_count, batch_size, z_dim, learning_rate, beta1, get_batches, data_shape, data_image_mode):
    """
    Train the GAN
    :param epoch_count: Number of epochs
    :param batch_size: Batch Size
    :param z_dim: Z dimension
    :param learning_rate: Learning Rate
    :param beta1: The exponential decay rate for the 1st moment in the optimizer
    :param get_batches: Function to get batches
    :param data_shape: Shape of the data
    :param data_image_mode: The image mode to use for images ("RGB" or "L")
    """
    # TODO: Build Model
    _,image_width,image_height,image_channels=data_shape
    
    real_input_image, z_input,lr = model_inputs(image_width, image_height, image_channels, z_dim)
    d_loss, g_loss = model_loss(real_input_image, z_input, image_channels)
    d_opt, g_opt = model_opt(d_loss, g_loss, learning_rate, beta1)
    
    steps = 0
    interval =10
    losses=[]
    z_size = 100
    n_images = 25
    
    with tf.Session() as sess:
        sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())
        for epoch_i in range(epoch_count):
            for batch_images in get_batches(batch_size):
                # TODO: Train Model
                steps += 1
                batch_images *= 2.0
                # Sample random noise for G
                batch_z = np.random.uniform(-1, 1, size=(batch_size, z_dim))

                # Run optimizers
                _ = sess.run(d_opt, feed_dict={real_input_image: batch_images, z_input: batch_z,lr:learning_rate})
                _ = sess.run(g_opt, feed_dict={z_input: batch_z, lr:learning_rate})
                
                

                if steps % interval == 0:
                    # At the end of each epoch, get the losses and print them out
                    train_loss_d = d_loss.eval({z_input: batch_z, real_input_image: batch_images})
                    train_loss_g = g_loss.eval({z_input: batch_z})

                    print("Epoch {}/{}...".format(epoch_i+1, epochs),
                          "Discriminator Loss: {:.4f}...".format(train_loss_d),
                          "Generator Loss: {:.4f}".format(train_loss_g))
                    # Save losses to view after training
                    losses.append((train_loss_d, train_loss_g))
                    show_generator_output(sess, n_images, z_input, image_channels, data_image_mode)

MNIST¶

Test your GANs architecture on MNIST. After 2 epochs, the GANs should be able to generate images that look like handwritten digits. Make sure the loss of the generator is lower than the loss of the discriminator or close to 0.

batch_size = 128
z_dim = 100
learning_rate = .0002
beta1 = .5
alpha = 0.2
"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL THAT IS BELOW THIS LINE
"""
epochs = 2

mnist_dataset = helper.Dataset('mnist', glob(os.path.join(data_dir, 'mnist/*.jpg')))
with tf.Graph().as_default():
    train(epochs, batch_size, z_dim, learning_rate, beta1, mnist_dataset.get_batches,
          mnist_dataset.shape, mnist_dataset.image_mode)

Epoch 1/2... Discriminator Loss: 0.2149... Generator Loss: 2.6751

Epoch 1/2... Discriminator Loss: 0.2739... Generator Loss: 2.4674

Epoch 1/2... Discriminator Loss: 1.1436... Generator Loss: 0.4299

Epoch 1/2... Discriminator Loss: 0.5953... Generator Loss: 0.9068

Epoch 1/2... Discriminator Loss: 0.1207... Generator Loss: 2.2893

Epoch 1/2... Discriminator Loss: 0.2259... Generator Loss: 8.9155

Epoch 1/2... Discriminator Loss: 1.7676... Generator Loss: 0.2055

Epoch 1/2... Discriminator Loss: 1.3042... Generator Loss: 11.8804

Epoch 1/2... Discriminator Loss: 0.0561... Generator Loss: 5.6827

Epoch 1/2... Discriminator Loss: 0.2579... Generator Loss: 1.6191

Minst DataSet Result Comparison:¶

The goal of this project is to improve a balance between

With a limited time I have left for this course and considering the amount of time it takes to generate the image, I have decided to compare the results that are generated in 72 hours.

Of all the hyper paremeter combinations that have generated results so far, there is some convergence of generator and discriminator loss in these two combinations of hyper parameter.

1) batch_size: 16,z_dim: 128,learning_rate_list: 5e-05,beta1: 0.4,alpha: 0.12 Epoch 1/2... Discriminator Loss: 0.9277... Generator Loss: 0.9402
2) batch_size: 16,z_dim: 128,learning_rate_list: 5e-05,beta1: 0.5,alpha: 0.1 Epoch 1/2... Discriminator Loss: 0.5329... Generator Loss: 2.0431

Reference: 1) https://hackernoon.com/how-do-gans-intuitively-work-2dda07f247a1 2)https://openreview.net/forum?id=SyBPtQfAZ

CelebA¶

Run your GANs on CelebA. It will take around 20 minutes on the average GPU to run one epoch. You can run the whole epoch or stop when it starts to generate realistic faces.

batch_size = 128
z_dim = 100
learning_rate = .0002
beta1 = .5
alpha = 0.2


"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL THAT IS BELOW THIS LINE
"""
epochs = 1

celeba_dataset = helper.Dataset('celeba', glob(os.path.join(data_dir, 'img_align_celeba/*.jpg')))
with tf.Graph().as_default():
    train(epochs, batch_size, z_dim, learning_rate, beta1, celeba_dataset.get_batches,
          celeba_dataset.shape, celeba_dataset.image_mode)

Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 0.6017... Generator Loss: 1.9618

Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 0.3129... Generator Loss: 2.3199

Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 0.2019... Generator Loss: 3.0300

Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 0.2459... Generator Loss: 2.2441

Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 0.1810... Generator Loss: 2.6506

Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 0.5999... Generator Loss: 0.8486

Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 0.3846... Generator Loss: 10.0873

Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 0.1859... Generator Loss: 10.0106

Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 1.8633... Generator Loss: 0.1871

Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 0.4132... Generator Loss: 2.1667

Celeba DataSet Result Comparison:¶

With a limited time I have left for this course and considering the amount of time it takes to generate the image, I have decided to compare the results that are generated in 48 hours.

The differences in results were more prominent in case of black and white images. With only a few rounds , it is very hard to really distinguish between the images visually.So I looked for a balance in Generator Loss and Discriminator Loss. Of all the hyper paremeter combinations that have generated results so far, there is some convergence of generator and discriminator loss in these two combinations of hyper parameter.

1) batch_size: 16,z_dim: 128,learning_rate_list: 2e-05,beta1: 0.2,alpha: 0.18 :Discriminator Loss: 0.9422... Generator Loss: 1.1451
2) batch_size: 16,z_dim: 128,learning_rate_list: 2e-05,beta1: 0.4,alpha: 0.12 Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 0.9679... Generator Loss: 1.0676

Reference:Reference:https://stackoverflow.com/questions/42690721/how-to-interpret-the-discriminators-loss-and-the-generators-loss-in-generative

Submitting This Project¶

When submitting this project, make sure to run all the cells before saving the notebook. Save the notebook file as "dlnd_face_generation.ipynb" and save it as a HTML file under "File" -> "Download as". Include the "helper.py" and "problem_unittests.py" files in your submission.